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The company file, from the registry to the border

Corporate Document Translation in Dubai: MOA, Resolutions and Company Papers

A company rarely presents a single document. It presents a stack: a trade licence, a memorandum and articles of association, the resolutions that let people act, powers of attorney, financial statements, and the commercial paperwork that moves goods and money. This page is about what that stack needs when it has to be read by an Arabic-language authority — or used in a country that has never seen it — and how the rules differ between the mainland, DIFC and ADGM.

  • English inside the company, Arabic the moment it meets a mainland authority
  • Mainland formation is Arabic-first; the free zones incorporate in English
  • Attestation certifies signatures and seals — never the content or the translation
  • Tax, banking and property files carry their own Arabic-translation triggers
  • Dubai-based, UAE-wide service
  • Arabic & English
  • Clear guidance on every document
  • Direct request, no middlemen

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The company file, not the courtroom

What corporate document translation actually deals with

A corporate file is a stack of related documents, not one page — and the stack is written for the people who assemble it for a living.

This page is written for the people who build company files: formation agents, public relations officers, in-house legal and finance teams, and the founders who sign at the end. Their problem is rarely a single sentence of translation. It is a sequence — which document, in which language, attested in which order, for which authority — where getting the order wrong costs weeks. What follows maps that sequence for the constitutional and commercial documents a company actually produces.

Two neighbouring subjects have their own pages, and it helps to set them aside first. Litigation material — pleadings, judgments, the exhibits in a dispute — belongs on our court and litigation page, because a case file is governed by the rules of a courtroom, not a registry. Personal and civil certificates — a director's degree, a shareholder's marriage certificate, a police clearance for a visa — sit on our certificates page. What remains here is the company itself: how it is formed, how it is governed, how it proves its standing, and how its documents cross a border.

One idea organises everything below. A corporate document is an English-language convenience right up to the moment it meets a mainland or federal authority — and at that moment it becomes an Arabic requirement. A free-zone company can run its entire internal life in English. The day it opens a mainland bank branch, registers a property, answers a tax audit, or enforces a contract onshore, Arabic stops being optional. Knowing exactly where that line falls, and preparing for it before a deadline forces the question, is most of what sound translation planning is.

Throughout, we keep three things apart that are easy to blur: general background, the requirements that authorities actually publish, and the way we at MANJAZ handle the work. Where a rule is genuinely unsettled, varies between authorities, or has changed recently, we say so rather than manufacturing certainty. And we never treat the language of a company's documents as anything other than language — a working medium, not a badge.

Legal translation for official submissions

  • Ministry of Justice

    Legal translation produced under Ministry of Justice accreditation, signed and stamped for use before UAE courts and notaries.

    Legal translation
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs

    Translation prepared for the attestation chain, so a document reads correctly before and after the Ministry’s seal.

    Certificate translation
  • Dubai Courts

    Pleadings, judgments, expert reports and case exhibits translated to the standard a court file has to meet.

    Court translation
  • Dubai Health Authority

    Medical reports, professional qualifications and licensing paperwork translated for health-sector submissions.

    Medical documents
  • Roads & Transport Authority

    Driving licences and vehicle documents translated for exchange, transfer and registration files.

    Driving licence
  • Dubai Land Department & RERA

    Title deeds, tenancy contracts and powers of attorney translated for property and registration matters.

    Property documents
  • Dubai Police

    Good-conduct certificates, reports and police-issued documents translated for submission and for use abroad.

    Police documents
  • Rental Disputes Centre

    Tenancy contracts, notices, pleadings and judgments translated for rental cases filed at the Centre.

    Rental documents

Documents for government and official use

  • Legal translation for official use
  • Often same day, typically 24–48h
  • Digital delivery across the UAE
  • Ministry of Justice accredited

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The recurring cast

The documents that recur in almost every company file

Memorandum of Association (MOA)
The constitutional contract between shareholders. For a mainland company it is drafted in Arabic, or bilingually with the Arabic text controlling, and signed before a Notary Public. Its annexes are part of it, not an optional extra.
Articles of Association (AOA)
The internal governance rules — how the company is run, how decisions are taken, how shares move. Recurs in formation, amendments, and know-your-customer bundles at banks.
Board resolution
The instrument that authorises a specific action or signatory — opening an account, appointing a manager, granting a power of attorney. Much corporate translation exists to make a foreign board's decision legible to a UAE authority.
Shareholder resolution
A decision of the owners rather than the directors — capital changes, amendments to the constitution, approval of accounts. Often paired with an amended MOA that must itself be re-notarised in Arabic on the mainland.
Commercial power of attorney
A company POA that lets a named person act for the entity. Executed abroad, it passes the full legalisation chain and needs a certified Arabic translation; a well-drafted one is supported by a board resolution confirming the signatory's authority.
Certificate of incorporation
Proof the company exists, issued by the registrar of its home jurisdiction. A commercial document: for cross-border use it follows the commercial attestation track, then a certified Arabic translation for onshore filing.
Trade licence
The operating permit from the licensing authority — DED on the mainland, or the relevant free-zone registrar. Frequently translated for foreign banks, tenders and counterparties that need to read a UAE licence.
Certificate of origin
A trade document certifying where goods were produced. Along with commercial invoices, it is attested through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs eDAS system, not the ordinary attestation route.
Commercial invoice
The billing document behind a shipment or a service. Handled on the eDAS corporate track for attestation; may need translation where a counterparty or authority works in another language.
Financial statements
Balance sheet, income statement and notes, prepared under IFRS for UAE corporate tax. Translated for foreign parents, lenders, auditors and, when requested, the Federal Tax Authority.
Arabic at the point of birth

Mainland formation is Arabic-first — by design

When a company is incorporated on the mainland under a Department of Economic Development licence, its founding contract does not merely happen to be in Arabic; it is required to be. The memorandum of association is drafted in Arabic, or bilingually with the Arabic version carrying legal supremacy, and every shareholder signs it before a UAE Notary Public. A non-Arabic-speaking shareholder therefore cannot skip translation — a licensed legal translator has to bring the instrument into Arabic before it can be validly notarised. Without a valid, notarised MOA the company cannot obtain its trade licence or open a bank account, so the translation is not a formality trailing the process; it is a precondition of it.

The bilingual point deserves emphasis because it decides disputes. Where a mainland instrument exists in Arabic and another language together, it is the Arabic text that governs any question of interpretation. That has a practical consequence founders rarely anticipate: the English version they negotiated, read and understood is, legally, the secondary text. If the two drift apart — through a loose rendering, a dropped clause, an ambiguous term — the Arabic wording is what a UAE authority or court will apply. This is precisely why the translation of a constitutional document is not a place to economise, and why the terminology has to match the fixed Arabic legal vocabulary rather than an inventive equivalent.

Amendments follow the same logic. Change the capital, admit a shareholder, alter the objects, and the amended memorandum is again produced in Arabic and re-notarised. A company that formed years ago and has kept its documents in English will discover, at the first material change, that the registry works in Arabic. Planning translation into the amendment timeline — rather than commissioning it in a panic on the day of signing — is the difference between a smooth filing and a missed appointment at the notary.

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For a bilingual company document used onshore, the Arabic is not the copy — it is the version an authority will read, apply and enforce.

The working principle behind every file on this page

Two document worlds: the mainland and the financial free zones

Mainland (DED-licensed)

  • The founding MOA is Arabic, or bilingual with Arabic prevailing
  • Shareholders sign before a UAE Notary Public
  • Amendments are re-drafted in Arabic and re-notarised
  • Government departments and mainland courts work in Arabic
  • Foreign corporate documents arrive attested and translated into Arabic

DIFC and ADGM

  • Independent common-law jurisdictions with their own registrars
  • Incorporation documents are prepared and filed in English
  • ADGM applies English common law directly; DIFC has its own laws and courts
  • Translation is needed chiefly when a document leaves for the mainland or abroad
  • The ADGM Notary Public still requires dual-language Arabic-English documents
  • A DIFC judgment served onshore must be lodged with an agreed Arabic translation
Where English files suddenly need Arabic

The moments a free-zone company crosses into Arabic

A free-zone company's English-only comfort ends at a series of well-defined boundaries. The first is registration of real estate. The Dubai Land Department, in its published requirements for registering a purchase, asks a corporate buyer for a copy of the memorandum of association and its annexes in legal Arabic translation — and for foreign and GCC companies, that translation must be ratified by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The annexes are named in the requirement, not implied, which is why translating the MOA body alone is a recurring reason a property file is sent back.

The second boundary is the notary — even a free-zone one. Inside ADGM, an English common-law jurisdiction, the Notary Public service requires documents to be in dual language, Arabic and English within the same instrument, unless a document is required to be in only one of them, with the translation certified by a licensed legal translator. So the notarial function pulls Arabic back in even where the surrounding jurisdiction runs in English. A company that assumed its ADGM status exempted it from Arabic discovers otherwise at the notary's counter.

The third boundary is enforcement. A judgment of the DIFC Courts is written in English, because the centre's rules require all proceedings and filings to be in English. But the moment that judgment must be served or enforced elsewhere in the UAE, an Arabic translation becomes mandatory — the courts' rules require the parties to lodge an agreed Arabic translation within a short, fixed window, and enforcement onshore proceeds on the Arabic text before the Dubai Courts execution judge. The English version remains authentic if the two conflict, but the version the enforcing judge actually reads is the Arabic one.

The fourth boundary is the everyday one: dealing with a mainland counterparty. When a DIFC or ADGM company opens a mainland bank branch, contracts with a government entity, or answers a federal regulator, its English incorporation and know-your-customer documents are read by a body that works in Arabic. Whether a specific mainland authority insists on a certified Arabic version of a given free-zone document is not always spelled out in a public rule, so we advise confirming with the receiving body rather than assuming in either direction — but the safe planning assumption, for anything crossing onshore, is that Arabic will be asked for.

How a foreign corporate document reaches a UAE registry

  1. Certify in the country of origin

    The certificate of incorporation, MOA, AOA or board resolution is first authenticated by the competent authority in the country that issued it — for a company document this often begins with a notary.

  2. The origin country's foreign ministry

    That country's Ministry of Foreign Affairs attests the previous signature and seal. Each authority in the chain only recognises the stamp of the one immediately before it, which is why the order cannot be rearranged.

  3. The UAE mission abroad

    The UAE Embassy or Consulate in the issuing country attests the document. A mission will only act once the document has been legalised by that country's own competent authority — the step that makes the chain sequential rather than parallel.

  4. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the UAE

    Back in the UAE, the ministry performs the final attestation, certifying the authenticity of the signatures and seals — not the content. Commercial documents move on the commercial track; there is no apostille shortcut, because the UAE applies full consular legalisation.

  5. Certified Arabic translation, last

    Only once the document carries every stamp is the certified Arabic translation produced against that final version — so the translation reproduces the embassy and ministry seals. Translating too early is the classic reason a file is redone.

  6. A third-language exception

    One nuance runs the other way: to enter attestation at all, the ministry requires the original to be in Arabic or English, or accompanied by a legally certified translation. A document in a third language may therefore need a certified translation early, before the chain, as well as an Arabic one at the end.

Invoices and certificates of origin take a different door

Commercial invoices and certificates of origin are not attested through the ordinary route. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs processes them through its electronic eDAS system, an automated online service available around the clock, where a business registers with its trade licence and signs in through UAE Pass. Sending these documents down the general attestation path — or, conversely, trying to push a governance document through eDAS — is a common routing error. Where a counterparty in another language is involved, the underlying invoice may still need translation; eDAS attests, it does not translate.

Building a company file for a specific authority? Tell us the destination — the registry, the bank, the tax authority, the court — and we will scope the translation around what it actually asks for.

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The quieter driver of demand

Tax, audit and KYC: the compliance triggers for Arabic

Not every translation trigger is a filing or a border. A large share of corporate demand now comes from compliance. Under the Tax Procedures Law, documents submitted to the Federal Tax Authority are to be in Arabic; the authority may permit another language, but it can require a translation into Arabic — and the person submitting the translated copy is responsible for its accuracy and validity and bears the cost. That allocation of liability matters: it means an English-only contract or record produced during an audit is not merely inconvenient, it is a document whose Arabic rendering the taxpayer stands behind.

Corporate tax added a second layer. Taxable persons prepare financial statements applying international financial reporting standards, and an audit is mandatory where revenue crosses a threshold set in the rules — currently fifty million dirhams in a tax period — as well as for a qualifying free-zone person regardless of revenue. Records must be kept for seven years. None of that is a translation rule in itself, but it produces a steady stream of statements, audit reports and supporting records that foreign parents, lenders and, on request, the authority need to read — and that reading frequently happens across a language line.

Banking and onboarding are the third strand. When a company opens or refreshes an account, a bank's know-your-customer file typically wants the trade licence, the memorandum and articles, the register of shareholders and directors, and the board resolution that authorises the account and its signatories. A foreign parent's documents in that bundle are read by a UAE institution, and a group refreshing accounts across several banks at once will feel every inconsistency between versions. The cure is not more translation but consistent translation — the same company name, the same officer names, the same defined terms, every time.

A closing note on one emirate-specific relaxation, because it touches financial documents directly. Abu Dhabi's Judicial Council issued a circular exempting bank statements and invoices made up solely of numerical data from mandatory Arabic translation in its courts, reasoning that figures explain themselves. Two limits are essential: where English narrative text accompanies the numbers and could affect comprehension, the court keeps its discretion to require translation; and the circular binds Abu Dhabi only. Applying it to a Dubai matter is a mistake — nothing equivalent has been published for Dubai.

A rough map, not a ruling

Where each corporate document usually needs to go

DocumentTypical requirementCommon use
Mainland MOA and its annexesArabic, or bilingual with Arabic prevailing; notarisedFormation, amendments, land registration
Foreign certificate of incorporationFull legalisation chain, then certified Arabic translationBranch registration, onshore licensing
Board resolution supporting a POALegalised and translated with the POA it authorisesAppointing managers, signing onshore
Commercial invoice, certificate of originAttested via the eDAS electronic trackTrade, customs, cross-border shipments
Financial statements and audit reportTranslated on request; no attestation inherentParent reporting, lenders, tax audit
DIFC or ADGM judgment for onshore useAgreed Arabic translation lodged within the fixed windowEnforcement against onshore assets

Situations that bring company files to this page

A foreign investor is incorporating a mainland LLC in Dubai and does not read Arabic

What is usually neededThe memorandum of association brought into Arabic — or drafted bilingually with Arabic prevailing — by a licensed legal translator, so the shareholders can sign it validly before a Notary Public and the trade licence can issue.

An overseas parent company is appointing a manager for its UAE entity

What is usually neededA commercial power of attorney, supported by a board resolution confirming the signatory's authority, passed through the full legalisation chain and then translated into Arabic — the resolution and the POA travelling together.

A DIFC company is opening a mainland bank branch and contracting with a government entity

What is usually neededCertified Arabic translations of its English incorporation and know-your-customer documents for the mainland counterparty — with the specific bank's or entity's own requirements confirmed before submission.

A company is under a Federal Tax Authority audit with English-language contracts

What is usually neededArabic translations of the records the authority requests, prepared carefully because the taxpayer is responsible for the accuracy and validity of the translated copy and bears its cost.

A foreign company is buying an off-plan property in Dubai

What is usually neededAmong the land department's requirements: the memorandum of association and its annexes in legal Arabic translation, ratified by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for foreign and GCC companies, with a free-zone no-objection letter where applicable.

A group is refreshing know-your-customer files across several banks at once

What is usually neededA single consistent set of Arabic translations of the constitutional and governance documents, so company and officer names, share figures and defined terms match across every institution and no bank flags a discrepancy.

A holder of a DIFC judgment needs to enforce it against assets in mainland Dubai

What is usually neededAn Arabic translation of the judgment, agreed and lodged with the courts within the fixed short window their rules set for service outside the centre, before the Dubai Courts execution judge acts on the Arabic text.

Before you send a company file for translation

  • The source document is in its final, fully attested form, so the translation reproduces every stamp on it
  • Every annex is included — a memorandum without its annexes is a common reason a property or licensing file is returned
  • The company name is transliterated exactly as it appears on the trade licence, and never varied between documents
  • Officer and shareholder names match their passports and Emirates IDs, letter for letter
  • A power of attorney is accompanied by the board resolution that authorises it
  • Invoices and certificates of origin are routed to the eDAS track, not the ordinary attestation queue
  • The receiving authority's own published requirements were checked — the recipient defines acceptance, not the translator
  • You know the name and registration number of the translator who will sign, and your language pair falls within it

The corporate translation mistakes that reset a file

  • The mistakeTranslating a memorandum of association but leaving out its annexes.

    The fixTranslate the MOA and its annexes together — the land department names the annexes in its requirement, so a partial file fails at the counter.

  • The mistakeProducing the Arabic translation before the document has finished the attestation chain.

    The fixTranslate last, against the fully stamped original, so the embassy and ministry seals appear in the translation rather than being missing from it.

  • The mistakeAssuming a DIFC or ADGM company's English documents never need Arabic.

    The fixExpect Arabic the moment a document crosses onshore — for registration, notarisation at the ADGM notary, or enforcement — and plan for it early.

  • The mistakeTreating an apostille from the home country as enough for the UAE.

    The fixUse the full consular legalisation chain — the UAE applies embassy attestation, not the single-certificate apostille route.

  • The mistakeLetting the company name appear three different ways across the licence, the MOA and the bank file.

    The fixFix one transliteration and carry it through every document; inconsistency alone can stall an onboarding or a filing.

  • The mistakeSending a power of attorney onshore without the board resolution behind it.

    The fixPair the company POA with a board resolution confirming the signatory's authority, and legalise and translate both.

  • The mistakePushing commercial invoices through the ordinary attestation route.

    The fixRoute invoices and certificates of origin through eDAS, the electronic commercial track built for exactly these documents.

  • The mistakeApplying Abu Dhabi's numerical-data exemption to a Dubai matter.

    The fixTreat that circular as Abu Dhabi-only, and translate financial documents for a Dubai filing unless the Dubai authority says otherwise.

  • The mistakeReading the English half of a bilingual MOA as the controlling text.

    The fixRemember the Arabic prevails onshore; review the Arabic as the operative version and have it produced by an accountable translator.

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Corporate documents, handled as a set

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Looking at a document and telling you what it needs costs nothing and commits you to nothing. Legal translation provided under UAE Ministry of Justice accreditation, by MANJAZ Corporate & Translation Services L.L.C. — a Dubai-based practice serving clients across the UAE.

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Corporate translation: common questions

You can run the company internally in English indefinitely. Arabic becomes necessary when a document crosses to a mainland or federal body: registering property, notarising at the ADGM notary, enforcing a judgment onshore, opening a mainland bank branch, or responding to a federal authority. The practical rule is to prepare Arabic whenever a document is destined for a recipient that works in Arabic, and to confirm that recipient's own requirements before you submit.

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