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The UAE framework, explained properly

Certified Legal Translation in Dubai

Do you need a document translated for a UAE court, a notary, a ministry or an embassy? We produce certified legal translation between Arabic and English — working natively in both — prepared to the standard the receiving authority expects, so your file is accepted the first time. Send it over WhatsApp and you get a written timeline before any work starts. Below, we also explain the federal law behind the stamp: who is permitted to produce a legal translation, when Arabic is mandatory, and where the DIFC and ADGM part company with the mainland.

  • Accepted by UAE courts, notaries, ministries and embassies
  • Arabic and English handled natively, by translators registered with the Ministry of Justice
  • Our team brings more than 18 years of professional experience
  • Send your document on WhatsApp and get a written timeline first
  • Dubai-based, UAE-wide service
  • Arabic & English
  • Clear guidance on every document
  • Direct request, no middlemen

Ministry of Justice accredited — translations prepared for submission to

In short

Legal translation in Dubai is a certified translation produced by a legal translator registered with the UAE Ministry of Justice, stamped and signed so that courts, the notary public, GDRFA and other government departments accept it. It is required whenever a document not in Arabic is filed with an official body. MANJAZ handles contracts, certificates, court documents and corporate papers between Arabic, English and other languages.

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Certified legal translation, and how to order it

Prefer not to use WhatsApp? +971 54 177 7004manjaz.dubai@gmail.com

Legal translation provided under UAE Ministry of Justice accreditation, by MANJAZ Corporate & Translation Services L.L.C. — a Dubai-based practice serving clients across the UAE.

How to verify a translator is registered with the Ministry of Justice

Legal translation for official submissions

  • Ministry of Justice

    Legal translation produced under Ministry of Justice accreditation, signed and stamped for use before UAE courts and notaries.

    Legal translation
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs

    Translation prepared for the attestation chain, so a document reads correctly before and after the Ministry’s seal.

    Certificate translation
  • Dubai Courts

    Pleadings, judgments, expert reports and case exhibits translated to the standard a court file has to meet.

    Court translation
  • Dubai Health Authority

    Medical reports, professional qualifications and licensing paperwork translated for health-sector submissions.

    Medical documents
  • Roads & Transport Authority

    Driving licences and vehicle documents translated for exchange, transfer and registration files.

    Driving licence
  • Dubai Land Department & RERA

    Title deeds, tenancy contracts and powers of attorney translated for property and registration matters.

    Property documents
  • Dubai Police

    Good-conduct certificates, reports and police-issued documents translated for submission and for use abroad.

    Police documents
  • Rental Disputes Centre

    Tenancy contracts, notices, pleadings and judgments translated for rental cases filed at the Centre.

    Rental documents

Documents for government and official use

  • Legal translation for official use
  • Often same day, typically 24–48h
  • Digital delivery across the UAE
  • Ministry of Justice accredited

Get your certified translation

Status, not style

What legal translation means in the UAE

In most of the world, the phrase describes subject matter. In the UAE, it describes legal status.

Say legal translation in London or Frankfurt and people picture a genre: contracts, judgments, powers of attorney, rendered by someone comfortable with legal vocabulary. Say it in Dubai and the phrase carries a much harder meaning. Here, a legal translation is a translation produced by a translator who is entered on the roll of translators held at the Ministry of Justice, who practises under a licence from the competent authority in their emirate, and whose name and registration number travel with the document they produce. The subject matter is secondary; the status of the person who produced it is what the receiving authority checks.

This distinction decides real outcomes. The official UAE Government portal states that documents presented to the country's courts must be in Arabic or be translated by a legal translator approved by the Ministry of Justice. A beautifully written translation from an unregistered linguist and a court-ready legal translation can look almost identical on the page — but only one of them is admissible. The difference is not the wording; it is the registration behind the signature.

This page is the reference point for the whole subject on our site. It covers the legal basis of the profession, who may practise it, where Arabic is mandatory, how each type of authority treats translated documents, and where the two financial free zones genuinely differ. What it deliberately does not do is walk through every document type in depth — powers of attorney, corporate files, certificates and court bundles each have their own dedicated pages, reached from the hubs linked below.

One more framing point before the detail: the vocabulary of this field travels badly. Certified, sworn, legal, official — each of these words means something different in different jurisdictions, and clients who arrive with a European or North American definition in mind are often surprised by the UAE one. The next section pins the terms down as the UAE actually uses them.

The vocabulary the authorities actually use

Legal translation
In UAE usage, a translation produced by a translator entered on the Ministry of Justice roll — a statement about who produced it, not about the topic of the text.
Certified translation
Abroad, this often means only a signed accuracy statement from any translator or agency. In the UAE it is used colloquially for a translation carrying a registered legal translator's stamp. The two are not equivalent, and the gap catches international clients.
Legal translator
A natural person registered on the ministry roll for a specific language pair. The registration is personal: it belongs to the individual, never to a brand or an office.
Translation house
A licensed legal person registered on the same ministry list. It must work through registered translators and may not pass work to unregistered ones.
The roll
The register of translators and translation houses maintained at the Ministry of Justice. Being on it — for the right language pair, with the registration current — is what makes an output a legal translation.
Legal oath
Under the executive regulations, a registered translator must take the legal oath before undertaking assigned duties. Translating before taking it is itself an administrative violation.
Competent licensing authority
The local authority in each emirate that issues the professional licence. It is the second layer of the system, sitting on top of federal registration.
Sworn translator
Not the UAE statutory label. It is the term many European systems use; the closest UAE equivalent is a registered legal translator who has taken the legal oath. If you were asked abroad for a sworn translation, this is what you are looking for here.

Want this checked for your own document?

Federal Decree-Law 22 of 2022

A profession rebuilt between 2022 and 2025

The governing instrument is Federal Decree-Law No. 22 of 2022 on regulating the translation profession. Issued in late September 2022 and in force from early January 2023, it repealed the previous law of 2012 and rebuilt the profession from the ground up. It defines translation broadly — written, oral and sign — and defines a translator as a natural person who practises only after registration. Its central rule is blunt: nobody may practise translation in the UAE without both registration on the ministry roll and a licence from the competent authority in their emirate.

The decree-law did not arrive alone. Executive regulations followed in March 2024, setting out the ministry tests, the legal oath, a sixty-day decision window on applications, and the duty to hand back the translator card and stamp when a registration is suspended or cancelled. A separate ministerial decision made professional indemnity insurance mandatory for translators and translation houses, issued by a UAE-licensed insurer and covering errors, negligence and breaches of confidentiality. And in late 2025 a detailed schedule of administrative penalties took effect, attaching specific fines to specific failures — translating before taking the oath, practising on an expired registration, working outside the licensed language pair, failing to perform the work personally, or omitting the translator's name and registration number from a document.

Why does this legislative housekeeping matter to you as a client? Because it converts quality from a promise into a liability. The person who stamps your document is individually registered, individually sworn, individually insured, and individually fineable. That is a materially stronger protection than any company slogan.

How the framework tightened, step by step

  1. Federal Decree-Law 22 of 2022

    Issued September 2022, in force from January 2023. Repeals the 2012 law, defines the profession, and makes unregistered practice a criminal offence carrying imprisonment and a fine.

  2. The two-layer rule

    Practice requires federal registration on the ministry roll plus a professional licence from the emirate-level competent authority. Neither layer substitutes for the other.

  3. Cabinet Resolution 18 of 2024

    The executive regulations: ministry tests, the legal oath before undertaking duties, a sixty-day decision period, and surrender of the card and stamp on suspension or removal.

  4. Registration in renewable terms

    An individual registration runs in three-year terms and is renewed for further terms. Adding a language is a separate ministry service — the roll is per language, not general.

  5. Mandatory indemnity insurance

    A ministerial decision of 2024 requires professional indemnity cover from a UAE-licensed insurer for every translator and translation house, spanning negligence, dishonesty and disclosure of confidential information.

  6. Cabinet Resolution 147 of 2025

    Effective mid-November 2025: an itemised administrative penalty schedule, with fines that can double for repeat violations within a year and powers of closure for translation houses.

Anatomy of the credential

Who may actually produce a legal translation

The statutory conditions for joining the roll are demanding. An applicant needs full legal capacity and medical fitness, a clean record free of felonies and offences of moral turpitude, fluency in both working languages, an accredited academic qualification recognised in the UAE that states the language specialisation, a minimum of five years of professional experience, a pass in the ministry's tests, valid UAE residency, and professional indemnity insurance. Registration is then granted for the applied-for languages — and only those.

Once registered, the translator's duties are personal in a way few clients appreciate. The law requires the work to be performed by the registered translator themselves, from inside the UAE, with accuracy, honesty and confidentiality. It requires the translator's registration number and the translation house's name to appear on the documents they produce. It confines them to the language pairs they are registered for. Delegating your file to an uncredentialled colleague is not a shortcut; it is a named, fineable violation for both the translator and the house.

The consequences run in two ladders. Criminally, practising translation without registration carries imprisonment and a substantial fine. Administratively, the 2025 penalty schedule prices individual failures — an expired registration, a missing registration number, work outside the licensed pair, disclosure of confidential information — and a struck-off translator cannot re-register until a waiting period has passed. For you as a client, each rung of that ladder is a reason the credential is worth insisting on: the system polices itself in a way an unregulated market never could.

Where does MANJAZ stand in this picture? Our position is simple and verifiable: legal translation work is carried out through translators who hold the registration the law demands for the language pair in question, and we will tell you, before work begins, whose name and registration number will appear on your document. We would rather you ask us that question than take any provider's letterhead on faith.

Before you rely on any stamped translation

  • The individual translator — not merely the office — is entered on the Ministry of Justice roll
  • The registration is current on the day of stamping: it runs in renewable terms and can lapse quietly
  • Your exact language pair falls inside that translator's registration, since the roll is per language
  • The translator's name and registration number actually appear on the finished document — their omission is itself a violation
  • The translation was produced from the final, fully attested version of the source, so every stamp on it is reflected
  • Personal and company names are transliterated exactly as they appear in the passport, Emirates ID and trade licence
  • The receiving authority's own published requirements were checked before submission — the recipient defines acceptance, not the translator

A company stamp is not the credential

The registration that makes a translation legal belongs to a person, never to a brand. A translation house exists in the system precisely so that registered individuals can work under its licence — it cannot lend legality to work done by someone off the roll, and the law expressly penalises a house that outsources to unregistered translators. If the individual behind your document lacks the registration, no letterhead, logo or embossed seal repairs that. Ask for the name and the number; a serious provider volunteers both.

Where Arabic is mandatory

What each authority requires of a translated document

AuthorityLanguage requirementWhere it is stated
Mainland courts — civil mattersArabic is the language of the courts; foreign-language documents are admissible only when translated by a certified legal translatorCivil Procedure Law and the official UAE Government portal
Criminal investigations and trialsAll procedures are conducted in Arabic, with an official translator provided where a party does not speak itCriminal Procedures Law, as summarised on the government portal
Dubai Land DepartmentCorporate constitutional documents and judicial-track filings must be in Arabic or carry a legal Arabic translation; foreign and GCC companies add ministry ratificationThe department's published eService requirements
Ministry of Foreign Affairs — attestationThe original must be in Arabic or English, or be accompanied by a legally certified translation; attestation itself certifies signatures and seals, never contentThe ministry's attestation service conditions
DIFC CourtsProceedings and filings are in English; Arabic translation becomes mandatory when serving or enforcing outside the centre within the UAERules of the DIFC Courts, Part 2 and Part 9
ADGM Courts and its notaryProceedings in English; yet the ADGM notary requires dual-language Arabic and English documents certified by a licensed legal translatorADGM Courts published guidance
Narrow, decision-based, emirate-specific

The English exception on the mainland — and its limits

Since early January 2023, the Civil Procedure Law has allowed mainland proceedings to run in English — but only in specified cases, and only by a decision of the President of the Federal Judicial Council or the head of the relevant local judiciary. This is an exemption applied case by case, never a general entitlement. A party cannot simply elect English because its contract and correspondence are in English; without that specific decision, Arabic applies and every foreign-language exhibit needs a certified legal translation.

Abu Dhabi adds its own, narrower carve-out. A circular of its Judicial Council issued in September 2023 exempts bank statements and invoices containing purely numerical data from mandatory Arabic translation, reasoning that figures explain themselves. Two limits matter: where English narrative text accompanies the numbers, the court keeps its discretion to demand a translation — and the circular binds Abu Dhabi courts only. Nothing equivalent has been published for Dubai, so building a Dubai filing strategy on an Abu Dhabi circular is a mistake we see and warn against.

The honest summary: on the mainland, English is a possibility that must be granted, never a default that can be assumed. Plan every mainland filing on the assumption that Arabic will be required, and treat any relaxation as a welcome surprise confirmed in writing by the court itself.

Have a question about your case?

Know which authority will receive your document? Tell us, and we will scope the translation around its requirements.

Request a translation

Three language regimes in one country

Mainland courts and government

  • Arabic is the statutory language of proceedings
  • Foreign-language documents are admissible only with a certified legal translation
  • Notarisation generally expects an Arabic or bilingual instrument
  • English proceedings exist only by specific senior-judiciary decision
  • Land registration and judicial-track services demand Arabic filings

DIFC and ADGM

  • Proceedings are conducted in English by rule
  • Documents are filed and served in English
  • ADGM applies English common law directly
  • Arabic returns the moment service or enforcement crosses onshore
  • The ADGM notary requires dual-language Arabic-English instruments
  • A DIFC claim form served onshore needs a certified Arabic translation with a translator's statement
Where English documents suddenly need Arabic

The boundary moments between the free zones and onshore

The most consequential translation rules in the UAE sit exactly at the seam between jurisdictions. Take a DIFC Courts judgment that must be enforced against assets in mainland Dubai. The law establishing the centre's judicial authority requires the judgment to be translated into Arabic where enforcement happens outside the DIFC, and the courts' own rules add a sharp procedural twist: where a judgment or order is to be served elsewhere in the UAE, the parties must agree an Arabic translation and lodge it with the courts within two days of the decision being handed down. Miss that window and the court may accept one side's version — or suspend or revoke the order altogether. If the Arabic and English texts diverge, the English prevails.

Enforcement then passes to the execution judge of the Dubai Courts, who acts on the Arabic translation and may not reopen the merits. In other words, the only version of your hard-won judgment the enforcing judge actually reads is the Arabic one. That single fact should reset how much attention the translation deserves: it is not paperwork trailing the litigation; it is the operative text of the outcome.

The same seam runs through service of process and notarial work. A DIFC claim form served on a party onshore must carry a certified Arabic translation, accompanied — by rule — by a statement from the translator confirming its correctness together with the translator's name, address and qualifications. And inside ADGM, an English common-law jurisdiction, the notary public still requires documents in dual Arabic-English form within the same instrument, certified by a licensed legal translator. English-first businesses are repeatedly surprised by these rules; they are precisely why free-zone status is never a reason to skip thinking about Arabic.

A note of honesty on one adjacent question we are often asked: whether documents issued by DIFC or ADGM companies always need Arabic legal translation when they reach mainland registries. The published requirements we can point to cover foreign companies generally — the Dubai Land Department, for instance, requires the memorandum of association and its annexes in legal Arabic translation for corporate property registration. Where a rule for free-zone-issued documents is not spelled out, we say so, and we recommend confirming with the specific receiving authority rather than assuming either way.

Situations that bring people to this page

I am filing a civil claim in a mainland court and my contract and emails are all in English

What is usually neededAn Arabic translation of every foreign-language document by a registered legal translator, because Arabic is the language of the courts and foreign-language evidence is admissible only through certified legal translation.

I hold a DIFC Courts judgment and the debtor's assets are in mainland Dubai

What is usually neededAn Arabic translation of the judgment for enforcement outside the centre, lodged with the courts within the two-day window the rules set for service elsewhere in the UAE, before the execution judge of the Dubai Courts acts on it.

My foreign company is buying property in Dubai

What is usually neededAmong the land department's requirements: the memorandum of association and its annexes in legal Arabic translation, ratified by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for foreign and GCC companies — the annexes are part of the requirement, not an optional extra.

I need to notarise an English-only power of attorney at a mainland notary

What is usually neededAn Arabic or bilingual instrument. In practice a foreign-language draft is legally translated into Arabic before notarisation — and the notary's own published requirements should be confirmed for your specific document before you attend.

My document is in a third language — neither Arabic nor English — and needs attestation

What is usually neededThe foreign ministry's attestation service requires the original in Arabic or English, or accompanied by a legally certified translation — so a certified translation is needed for the document to enter the chain at all, separate from any Arabic version the final receiving authority wants.

I am litigating in Abu Dhabi with thousands of pages of English bank statements

What is usually neededUnder the Judicial Council's circular, statements and invoices holding purely numerical data may be filed without Arabic translation — but anything carrying English narrative remains subject to the court's discretion, and the concession does not extend to other emirates.

Why legal translations get rejected

  • The mistakeRelying on an office's brand while the individual who translated your document is not on the ministry roll.

    The fixAsk for the translator's name and registration number before work starts; the credential is personal, and its absence cannot be cured afterwards.

  • The mistakeSubmitting a translation stamped by a translator whose renewable registration had lapsed by the submission date.

    The fixConfirm the registration is current on the day of stamping — practising on an expired registration is itself a listed violation, and it exposes your document.

  • The mistakeUsing a translator registered for one language pair on a document in another — the roll is per language, not general.

    The fixMatch the language pair to the registration exactly; working outside the licensed pair is a priced violation for translator and house alike.

  • The mistakeTranslating before the attestation chain is complete, so the translation fails to reproduce stamps added afterwards.

    The fixAs standard practice, finish the legalisation of the source first, then translate the final stamped document — the exception being third-language originals, which need a certified translation to enter the chain.

  • The mistakeAssuming the Abu Dhabi concession for numerical bank statements applies in Dubai or Sharjah.

    The fixTreat it as what it is — a circular of one emirate's Judicial Council — and budget for Arabic translation everywhere else.

  • The mistakeAssuming free-zone English documents never need Arabic because the DIFC and ADGM courts work in English.

    The fixMap the boundary crossings in advance: onshore service, onshore enforcement and ADGM notarisation each pull Arabic back in, sometimes on a deadline of days.

  • The mistakeSpelling a name one way on the passport, another on the Emirates ID, and a third way in the translation.

    The fixFix the transliteration against the identity documents before translation begins, and keep it identical across every document in the matter.

In the UAE, a legal translation is not a document with a stamp. It is a named professional — registered for your language pair, sworn before the law, insured and personally answerable — putting their licence behind every line.

The premise this entire page is built on

Not sure which route applies to your document?

Where you are in Dubai changes the practical route more than it changes the translation: which authority receives the document, and whether a notary or an attestation step sits before or after it.

Legal translation across Dubai, by area

Questions people actually ask about legal translation in the UAE

Not the same thing, and the difference is who signs. A typing centre's business is preparing and submitting applications to a government system — it is a submission channel, and for many files that is genuinely all you need. A legal translation, by contrast, is valid because of the individual who produced it: only a translator personally registered with the Ministry of Justice for that language pair may certify a translation a court, a notary or a mainland registry will accept, and their name, registration and stamp go on the document. A typing centre can therefore hand your file on to such a translator, but the typing itself does not make the translation certified. The question to ask is not where the counter is — it is whose registration appears on the page you get back.

Next step

Send the document and we confirm the exact certification the receiving authority expects.